A sash and case window is a traditional window with one or two glazed sashes that slide vertically inside a fixed outer frame, known as the case. Many Scottish tenements, Georgian townhouses and Victorian homes feature this design.
How does a sash and case window work?
Most traditional examples use cords, pulleys and concealed counterweights. When a sash is raised or lowered, the counterweights move in the opposite direction, balancing its weight. This allows ventilation without the sash swinging into the room or outside. Some later windows use spiral balances instead.
What is the difference between the sash and the case?
The sash is the glazed sliding frame; the case is the fixed timber surround. The case includes the channels in which the sashes move and may contain weight pockets. Our companion article, What Is a Window Sash?, explains the individual parts in more detail.
Why are sash and case windows common in Scotland?
Sliding sash windows are a defining feature of many historic Scottish streetscapes. Their proportions, glazing patterns and timber details contribute to the character of period buildings. Repairs or alterations in listed buildings and conservation areas may require particular care and appropriate permissions. Read about listed and conservation-area windows.
What are the benefits of traditional sash windows?
- Ventilation: openings can be adjusted without an outward-opening casement.
- Repairability: many timber components can be repaired individually.
- Architectural character: original proportions and glazing bars complement period buildings.
- Longevity: sound timber windows can remain serviceable with timely maintenance.
Common problems and how they are repaired
Broken sash cords
When a cord fails, the sash can become difficult or unsafe to operate. We assess the balancing system and can undertake sash cord replacement.
Rotten sills or lower rails
Water ingress and failed coatings can cause localised decay. Depending on the extent, sound traditional joinery may be retained through careful timber and sill repairs.
Draughts and rattles
Worn clearances and gaps can allow air leakage. Properly fitted draught seals may reduce draughts and rattling while preserving operation.
Condensation and heat loss
Options may include maintenance, secondary glazing or, where appropriate, heritage glazing upgrades. The right choice depends on the building and existing window.
Worn catches and locks
Traditional fasteners can be repaired or replaced with compatible fittings. Explore our sash window security and ironmongery service.
Should you repair or replace a sash and case window?
Repair is often worth considering first, particularly where original timber and detailing survive. Replacement may be justified where deterioration is extensive or earlier alterations cannot be economically corrected. We assess each window on its merits rather than recommending blanket replacement. Read our restoration guide and repair cost guide.
Frequently asked questions
Do both sashes open?
In many traditional designs both can slide, although some windows have a fixed upper sash or have been altered over time.
Are sash and case windows always timber?
Traditional Scottish examples are commonly timber, but modern sliding sash designs are also made in other materials.
Can sash and case windows be draught proofed?
Yes, many can be fitted with discreet draught seals after suitable repairs and adjustment.
Can original sash windows be made more secure?
Suitable locks, stops and fasteners can improve security, subject to the window design and any relevant building requirements.
Need help with traditional sash windows?
The Sash & Case Window Company undertakes specialist repairs and restoration across Scotland. Explore our repair services or request a quotation.